URIs are restricted to a subset of ASCII characters. In contrast, IRIs allow unescaped non-ASCII characters. The IRI validation tests include examples containing non-ASCII characters, whereas the tests for URI and URI-reference do not. These tests could follow the structure used in this example:
https://github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/blob/b62cbf02762e41c92bee4149f105e6c4d9c8fefe/testdata/Extra-Test-Suite/tests/draft2020-12/optional/format/uri.json